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	<title>Comments on: Take That George W!  Stimulus checks and law school debt</title>
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	<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/</link>
	<description>A Legal Studies Blog</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2009 15:51:44 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Take That album</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-1581</link>
		<dc:creator>Take That album</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2009 08:37:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-1581</guid>
		<description>&lt;strong&gt;No Si Aqui No Hay Amor...&lt;/strong&gt;

Take That is an English pop musicians consisting of members Gary Barlow, Howard Donald, Jason Orange, Mark Owen, and, formerly, Robbie Williams. All perform primarily on vocals though each have some instrumental talent/song-writing capability....</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>No Si Aqui No Hay Amor&#8230;</strong></p>
<p>Take That is an English pop musicians consisting of members Gary Barlow, Howard Donald, Jason Orange, Mark Owen, and, formerly, Robbie Williams. All perform primarily on vocals though each have some instrumental talent/song-writing capability&#8230;.</p>
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		<title>By: lbsmom</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-866</link>
		<dc:creator>lbsmom</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 17:16:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-866</guid>
		<description>LB, make sure you have lots of Guinnesses on hand for that meeting of these two!  Otherwise, it could be sleep-inducing.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>LB, make sure you have lots of Guinnesses on hand for that meeting of these two!  Otherwise, it could be sleep-inducing.</p>
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		<title>By: jeffaregularworkinglawyer</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-863</link>
		<dc:creator>jeffaregularworkinglawyer</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 15:58:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-863</guid>
		<description>I am so glad to see proper attention being paid to the interesting issue of irregular plural formations.  &quot;Guinness&quot;, like other words that end with the &quot;is [soft s]&quot; or &quot;us&quot; sound, sounds like other words borrowed from Latin, like fungus and locus, which traditionally have taken the Latin form of plural. Joke formations like &quot;Guinni&quot;, or &quot;Elvii&quot; obviously play off the seeming absurdity of English&#039;s retention of plural formations from classical languages.

Since it&#039;s impossible to violate Wikipedia&#039;s copyright, here, in its long glory, is a very interesting excerpt on irregular plurals from Latin and Classical Greek from Wikipedia&#039;s entry on English Plurals.  I hope you all will enjoy it as much as I did.


English has borrowed a great many words from Latin and Classical Greek. The general trend with loanwords is toward what is called Anglicization or naturalization, that is, the re-formation of the word and its inflections as normal English words. Many nouns (particularly ones from Latin) have retained their original plurals for some time after they are introduced. Other nouns have become Anglicized, taking on the normal &quot;s&quot; ending. In some cases, both forms are still competing.

The choice of a form can often depend on context: for a librarian, the plural of appendix is appendices (following the original language); for physicians, however, the plural of appendix is appendixes. Likewise, a radio engineer works with antennas and an entomologist deals with antennae. Choice of form can also depend on the level of discourse: correctly formed Latin plurals are found more often in academic and scientific contexts, whereas in daily speech the anglicized forms are more common. In the following table, the Latin plurals are listed, together with the Anglicized forms when they are more common.

    * Final a becomes -ae (also -æ), or just adds -s:

alumna 	alumnae
formula 	formulae/formulas
encyclopædia 	encyclopædias (encyclopædiae is rare)

    * Final ex or ix becomes -ices (pronounced [ɪˌsiːz] or [əˌsiz]), or just adds -es:

index 	indices 	/ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/ 	or indexes
matrix 	matrices 	/ˈmeɪtɹɪˌsiːz/
vertex 	vertices 	/ˈvɜːtɪˌsiːz/,/ˈvɝtɪˌsiːz/

Some people treat process as if it belonged to this class, pronouncing processes /ˈpɹɑsɪˌsiːz/ instead of standard /ˈpɹɑsɛsɪz/. Since the word comes from Latin processus, whose plural is again processus, but now with a long u (fourth declension), this pronunciation is without etymological basis.

    * Final is becomes es (pronounced [ˌiːz]):

axis 	axes 	/ˈækˌsiːz/
crisis 	crises 	/ˈkɹaɪˌsiːz/
testis 	testes 	/ˈtɛsˌtiːz/

Note that axes, the plural of axis, is pronounced differently from axes (/ˈæksɪz/), the plural of ax(e).

    * Final ies remains unchanged:

series 	series
species 	species

    * Final on becomes -a:

automaton 	automata
criterion 	criteria
phenomenon 	phenomena (more below)
polyhedron 	polyhedra

    * Final um becomes -a, or just adds -s:

addendum 	addenda
agendum 	agenda (agenda is now a common shortening for a list of agenda, and has its own plural, agendas)
datum 	data (Now usually treated as a singular mass noun in both informal and educated usage, but usage in scientific publications shows a strong UK/US divide. U.S. usage prefers treating data in the singular in all contexts, including serious and academic publishing. UK usage now widely accepts treating data as singular in standard English, including educated everyday usage, at least in non-scientific use. UK scientific publishing usually still prefers treating it as a plural.  Some UK university style guides recommend using data for both singular and plural use, and some recommend treating it only as a singular in connection with computers.)
In engineering, drafting, surveying, and geodesy, and in weight and balance calculations for aircraft, a datum (plural datums or data) is a reference point, surface, or axis on an object or the earth’s surface against which measurements are made.
forum 	fora/forums
medium 	media (in communications and computers; now often treated as a singular mass noun)/
mediums (spiritualists, or items of medium size etc.)
memorandum 	memoranda/memorandums

    * Final us becomes -i (second declension, [aɪ]) or -era or -ora (third declension), or just adds -es (especially in fourth declension, where it would otherwise be the same as the singular):

alumnus 	alumni
corpus 	corpora
focus 	foci
genus 	genera
prospectus 	prospectuses (plural prospectus is rare)
radius 	radii
viscus 	viscera

Virus had no plural ending in Latin; the plural in English is usually viruses. See plural of virus.
cactus 	cactuses/cacti (in Arizona many people avoid either choice with cactus as both singular and plural.)
fungus 	fungi
hippopotamus 	hippopotamuses/hippopotami
octopus 	octopuses (note: octopi also occurs, although it is strictly speaking unfounded, because it is not a Latin noun of the second declension, but rather a Latinized form of Greek ὀκτώπους. The theoretically correct form octopodes is rarely used.)
platypus 	platypuses (same as octopus: platypi occurs but is etymologically incorrect, and platypodes, while technically correct, is even rarer than octopodes)
terminus 	termini/terminuses
uterus 	uteri/uteruses

Colloquial usages based in a humorous fashion on the second declension include Elvii to refer to multiple Elvis impersonators and Loti, used by petrolheads to refer to Lotus automobiles in the plural.

    * Final as in one case of a noun of Greek origin changes to -antes:

Atlas 	Atlantes (statues of the hero); but
atlas 	atlases (map collections)

    * Final ma in nouns of Greek origin can add -ta, although -s is usually also acceptable, and in many cases more common.

stigma 	stigmata/stigmas
stoma 	stomata/stomas
schema 	schemata/schemas
dogma 	dogmata/dogmas
lemma 	lemmata/lemmas</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I am so glad to see proper attention being paid to the interesting issue of irregular plural formations.  &#8220;Guinness&#8221;, like other words that end with the &#8220;is [soft s]&#8221; or &#8220;us&#8221; sound, sounds like other words borrowed from Latin, like fungus and locus, which traditionally have taken the Latin form of plural. Joke formations like &#8220;Guinni&#8221;, or &#8220;Elvii&#8221; obviously play off the seeming absurdity of English&#8217;s retention of plural formations from classical languages.</p>
<p>Since it&#8217;s impossible to violate Wikipedia&#8217;s copyright, here, in its long glory, is a very interesting excerpt on irregular plurals from Latin and Classical Greek from Wikipedia&#8217;s entry on English Plurals.  I hope you all will enjoy it as much as I did.</p>
<p>English has borrowed a great many words from Latin and Classical Greek. The general trend with loanwords is toward what is called Anglicization or naturalization, that is, the re-formation of the word and its inflections as normal English words. Many nouns (particularly ones from Latin) have retained their original plurals for some time after they are introduced. Other nouns have become Anglicized, taking on the normal &#8220;s&#8221; ending. In some cases, both forms are still competing.</p>
<p>The choice of a form can often depend on context: for a librarian, the plural of appendix is appendices (following the original language); for physicians, however, the plural of appendix is appendixes. Likewise, a radio engineer works with antennas and an entomologist deals with antennae. Choice of form can also depend on the level of discourse: correctly formed Latin plurals are found more often in academic and scientific contexts, whereas in daily speech the anglicized forms are more common. In the following table, the Latin plurals are listed, together with the Anglicized forms when they are more common.</p>
<p>    * Final a becomes -ae (also -æ), or just adds -s:</p>
<p>alumna 	alumnae<br />
formula 	formulae/formulas<br />
encyclopædia 	encyclopædias (encyclopædiae is rare)</p>
<p>    * Final ex or ix becomes -ices (pronounced [ɪˌsiːz] or [əˌsiz]), or just adds -es:</p>
<p>index 	indices 	/ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/ 	or indexes<br />
matrix 	matrices 	/ˈmeɪtɹɪˌsiːz/<br />
vertex 	vertices 	/ˈvɜːtɪˌsiːz/,/ˈvɝtɪˌsiːz/</p>
<p>Some people treat process as if it belonged to this class, pronouncing processes /ˈpɹɑsɪˌsiːz/ instead of standard /ˈpɹɑsɛsɪz/. Since the word comes from Latin processus, whose plural is again processus, but now with a long u (fourth declension), this pronunciation is without etymological basis.</p>
<p>    * Final is becomes es (pronounced [ˌiːz]):</p>
<p>axis 	axes 	/ˈækˌsiːz/<br />
crisis 	crises 	/ˈkɹaɪˌsiːz/<br />
testis 	testes 	/ˈtɛsˌtiːz/</p>
<p>Note that axes, the plural of axis, is pronounced differently from axes (/ˈæksɪz/), the plural of ax(e).</p>
<p>    * Final ies remains unchanged:</p>
<p>series 	series<br />
species 	species</p>
<p>    * Final on becomes -a:</p>
<p>automaton 	automata<br />
criterion 	criteria<br />
phenomenon 	phenomena (more below)<br />
polyhedron 	polyhedra</p>
<p>    * Final um becomes -a, or just adds -s:</p>
<p>addendum 	addenda<br />
agendum 	agenda (agenda is now a common shortening for a list of agenda, and has its own plural, agendas)<br />
datum 	data (Now usually treated as a singular mass noun in both informal and educated usage, but usage in scientific publications shows a strong UK/US divide. U.S. usage prefers treating data in the singular in all contexts, including serious and academic publishing. UK usage now widely accepts treating data as singular in standard English, including educated everyday usage, at least in non-scientific use. UK scientific publishing usually still prefers treating it as a plural.  Some UK university style guides recommend using data for both singular and plural use, and some recommend treating it only as a singular in connection with computers.)<br />
In engineering, drafting, surveying, and geodesy, and in weight and balance calculations for aircraft, a datum (plural datums or data) is a reference point, surface, or axis on an object or the earth’s surface against which measurements are made.<br />
forum 	fora/forums<br />
medium 	media (in communications and computers; now often treated as a singular mass noun)/<br />
mediums (spiritualists, or items of medium size etc.)<br />
memorandum 	memoranda/memorandums</p>
<p>    * Final us becomes -i (second declension, [aɪ]) or -era or -ora (third declension), or just adds -es (especially in fourth declension, where it would otherwise be the same as the singular):</p>
<p>alumnus 	alumni<br />
corpus 	corpora<br />
focus 	foci<br />
genus 	genera<br />
prospectus 	prospectuses (plural prospectus is rare)<br />
radius 	radii<br />
viscus 	viscera</p>
<p>Virus had no plural ending in Latin; the plural in English is usually viruses. See plural of virus.<br />
cactus 	cactuses/cacti (in Arizona many people avoid either choice with cactus as both singular and plural.)<br />
fungus 	fungi<br />
hippopotamus 	hippopotamuses/hippopotami<br />
octopus 	octopuses (note: octopi also occurs, although it is strictly speaking unfounded, because it is not a Latin noun of the second declension, but rather a Latinized form of Greek ὀκτώπους. The theoretically correct form octopodes is rarely used.)<br />
platypus 	platypuses (same as octopus: platypi occurs but is etymologically incorrect, and platypodes, while technically correct, is even rarer than octopodes)<br />
terminus 	termini/terminuses<br />
uterus 	uteri/uteruses</p>
<p>Colloquial usages based in a humorous fashion on the second declension include Elvii to refer to multiple Elvis impersonators and Loti, used by petrolheads to refer to Lotus automobiles in the plural.</p>
<p>    * Final as in one case of a noun of Greek origin changes to -antes:</p>
<p>Atlas 	Atlantes (statues of the hero); but<br />
atlas 	atlases (map collections)</p>
<p>    * Final ma in nouns of Greek origin can add -ta, although -s is usually also acceptable, and in many cases more common.</p>
<p>stigma 	stigmata/stigmas<br />
stoma 	stomata/stomas<br />
schema 	schemata/schemas<br />
dogma 	dogmata/dogmas<br />
lemma 	lemmata/lemmas</p>
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		<title>By: nobamakoolaid</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-859</link>
		<dc:creator>nobamakoolaid</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 10:51:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-859</guid>
		<description>&quot;With proper nouns ending in sounds that don&#039;t blend well with s, the sibilant sounds, add -es.&quot;  Guinnesses it is.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;With proper nouns ending in sounds that don&#8217;t blend well with s, the sibilant sounds, add -es.&#8221;  Guinnesses it is.</p>
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		<title>By: laurabethnielsen</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-857</link>
		<dc:creator>laurabethnielsen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 10:05:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-857</guid>
		<description>So kool Aid - enlighten us -- Guinnesses or guini?  It didn&#039;t really have the plural for that in it, did it?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>So kool Aid &#8211; enlighten us &#8212; Guinnesses or guini?  It didn&#8217;t really have the plural for that in it, did it?</p>
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		<title>By: robertlnelson</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-856</link>
		<dc:creator>robertlnelson</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 03:59:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-856</guid>
		<description>Actually the average debt after 7 years is 57k and for African-Americans it is 70k.  But what is a few thousand among friends.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Actually the average debt after 7 years is 57k and for African-Americans it is 70k.  But what is a few thousand among friends.</p>
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		<title>By: nobamakoolaid</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-855</link>
		<dc:creator>nobamakoolaid</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 30 Apr 2008 02:02:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-855</guid>
		<description>Never mind, Jeff; I looked it up in my new handy-dandy Grammer Bible, by Michael Strumpf.  Perhaps now I can at least be correct in form if not function.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Never mind, Jeff; I looked it up in my new handy-dandy Grammer Bible, by Michael Strumpf.  Perhaps now I can at least be correct in form if not function.</p>
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		<title>By: nobamakoolaid</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-852</link>
		<dc:creator>nobamakoolaid</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 21:36:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-852</guid>
		<description>I&#039;m going to buy 109.090909 Guinnesses (or is it Guinnei, Jeff) at Nevins.  I am all about stimulating myself and this economy.  A true win-win.  Go economics.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;m going to buy 109.090909 Guinnesses (or is it Guinnei, Jeff) at Nevins.  I am all about stimulating myself and this economy.  A true win-win.  Go economics.</p>
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		<title>By: laurabethnielsen</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-851</link>
		<dc:creator>laurabethnielsen</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 20:24:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-851</guid>
		<description>at first I thought you meant the student loan payments.  But you mean the bill balls (or truck nutz).</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>at first I thought you meant the student loan payments.  But you mean the bill balls (or truck nutz).</p>
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		<title>By: lbsmom</title>
		<link>http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/2008/04/29/take-that-george-w-stimulus-checks-and-law-school-debt/#comment-849</link>
		<dc:creator>lbsmom</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 16:31:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://controllingauthority.wordpress.com/?p=299#comment-849</guid>
		<description>I&#039;ll go in with you on those, LB.  Good hostess gift for such generous Halloween parties, but please don&#039;t splurge on the chrome ones.  I vote for either red or blue for unstated reasons.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ll go in with you on those, LB.  Good hostess gift for such generous Halloween parties, but please don&#8217;t splurge on the chrome ones.  I vote for either red or blue for unstated reasons.</p>
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